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Mathematical Aspects of Theoretical Physics
1. Analytical Dynamics
Lagrange’s form of dynamics.
Newtonian laws of motion. D’Alembert’s principle. Virtual displacements.
Lagrange’s equations of the first and the second type. Hamilton’s
form of dynamics. Hamilton canonical equations.
Variational principles of Mechanics. Calculus of variations. Euler - Lagrange
equations. Hamilton’s variational principle. Gauss variational principle.
Canonical transforms in Mechanics. Infinitesimal transforms. Poisson’s
brackets. Lagrange brackets. Multiple Poisson brackets. Jacobi’s identity.
Hamilton - Jacobi’s partial differential equation. Complete Integral.
Integral invariants in Mechanics. Liouville’s equation.
2. Quantum Mechanics
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
Shroedinger’s equation. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Wave function.
Operators of physical quantities. Harmonic oscillator. Heisenberg’s
matrix mechanics.
Fock’s representation in Quantum Mechanics. Creation and annihilation
operators. Second quantization. Dirac’s form of Quantum Mechanics.
Stationary and Nonstationary Perturbation theories. Hartree- Fock approximation.
Transition probabilities in Quantum Mechanics. Many - body systems.
Magnetic field. Spin operators. Pauli’s equation.
3. Classical Electrodynamics
Maxwell’s equations in integral
and differential forms. Vector analysis. Gradient, Divergence and Curl vector
operators. Electric charge conservation law. Continuity equation. Displacement
current.
Scalar and Vector potentials of Elecromagnetic field. Equations for Electromagnetic
potentials. Hertz’s vector. Gradient invariance of the equations for
Electromagnetic field.
Wave equation. Electromagnetic waves and their properties.
4. Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics
Phenomenological Thermodynamics.
Thermodynamic Potentials. Fundamental Gibbs’ equation. Thermodynamical
identities.
Ensembles in Equilibrium Statistical Physics. Microcanonical, Canonical
and Grand Canonical Ensembles. Distribution functions. Boltzman’s
and Gibbs’ distributions. Statistical integrals in different Ensembles.
Laplace’s transforms.
Fermi and Bose statistics of quantum gases. Fermi - Dirac integrals in Quantum
Statistics.
Nonequilibrium systems. Density matrix. Liouville’s and von Neimann’s
Equations for classical and quantum systems. Complete descriptions of a
physical systems. Reduced description. Pauli’s Master Equation.
Introduction to Plasma Physics. Self-consistent Electromagnetic field. Vlasov’s
Equation. Electromagnetic oscillations and waves in plasmas.
Bogolubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-ivon hierarchy of equations.
Introduction to Mathematical Modeling
1. Rigid and soft mathematical models.
Simple (intuitive) models of real world phenomena. Lanchester’s model
of a battle. Logistic model of population.
Prey - Predator models of Lottka - Volterra. Models of competing species.
Multi-steps steering models.
2. Mathematical methods for mathematical modeling. Ordinary and Partial
Differential Equations. Stochastic Differential Equations. Integral, Integrodifferential
and Functional Equations.
3. Physical foundations of mathematical modeling. Statistical description
of dynamical systems. Complete and reduced descriptions. Hierarchy of time
scales. Rigorous verification of the possibility of the reduced description
of complex dynamical systems. Memory function.
4. Measurements in physical systems. Brownian motion. Physical stage of
mathematical modeling.
5. Phenomenelogical model of Quantum electron Fermi - liquid in normal metals.
Properties of neutral Fermi - liquid. Zero sound. Coulumb systems. Dynamical
screening of Coulumb interaction. Electron quasiparticles.
6. Mathematical models in biology and medicine. Mathematical models in immunology:
immune response to infection. Mathematical model of laser-induced thrombosis
phenomenon.
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Ordinary differential equations.
First-order equations. General solution. Initial value problem. Particular
solution. Classification of ordinary differential equations. Highorder differential
equations. Linear and nonlinear equations. “A general solution”
and “the general solution”. The precise meaning of the word
“solution”. Singular solution. General form of a differential
equation. Normal form of a differential equation. Explicit solution, implicit
solution.
First-order differential equations. Separable equations. First-order linear
equations. Integrating factor. Method of undetermined coefficients. Substitution
methods. Special equations. Logistic equation. Bernoulli equation. Lagrange
equation. Clairaut equation. Homogeneous differential equations. Exact differential
equations. Riccati equation. Existence and uniqueness of solutions. Direction
fields and solution curves.
Linear equations of higher order. Second-order linear equations. General
solution of linear equations. Existence and uniqueness theorem. Wronskians
of solutions. Abel’s formulae. Reduction of order of a differential
equation. Nonhomogeneous equations. Complementary function. Homogeneous
differential equations with constant coefficients. Characteristic equation.
Mechanical and Electromagnetic natural oscillations. Nonhomogeneous differential
equations with constant coefficients. General solution. Particular solution.
Method of undetermined coefficients. Variations of parameters. Forced oscillations
and Resonance. Beats. Electrical circuits. The mechanical-electrical analogy.
Method of complex function.
Power series methods. Power series. Analytic functions. Termwise differentiation
of power series. Radius of convergence. Series solutions near ordinary points.
Regular singular points. Irregular singular points. Translated series solutions.
Method of Frobenius Series solutions. Bessel’s equations. Bessel function
of zero-order of the first kind. Frobenius solutions. The exceptional cases.
Reduction of order. The Logarithmic cases. Bessel function of zero order
of the second type. The Gamma function. Bessel functions of the first kind.
Bessel function identities. Applications of Bessel functions. Gauss’s
hypergeometric function. The point of Infinity. Euler’s equation.
Fourier Series. Fourier coefficients. The mean convergence of Fourier Series.
Bessel’s inequality. Parseval’s equation. The completeness of
the sets orthonormal functions. Pointwise convergence. Periodic functions.
Trigonometric Fourier Series. Gibb’s phenomenon. Even and odd functions.
Even and odd extensions of the functions. Termwise differentiation and integration
of Fourier Series. Dirichlet’s theorem. The convergence theorem. Fourier
Series in a complex form. Formal Fourier Series solutions of differential
equations. Boundary value problems. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. One-dimensional
wave equation. Solution by Fourier method.
Fourier integral. Transition from Fourier Integral to Fourier Transform.
Direct and Inverse Fourier Transforms. Dirac’s delta-function. Fourier
Cosine and Sine Transforms.
Laplace Transform. Properties of Laplace Transform. Initial value problems.
Passage from Fourier Transform to Laplace Transform. Mellin’s Transform.
Duhamel’s Principle. Laplace Transform for integral and Integro-differential
equations.
Systems of ordinary differential equations. Autonomous equations. Phase
plane and phase trajectories. Phase portrait of a system. Stability theory.
Elementary singularities. Critical points, their types, geometry and stability.
Asymptotic stability. Nodes, saddle points, centers, spiral points. Linear
and Nonlinear systems of differential equations. Bendixson’s negative
criterion. Hartman — Grobman theorem. Nonelementary singularities.